பஞ்சாங்கம்
/ PANCHANGAM
Details of what is Panchangam, what are all constitutes Panchangam are already discussed in earlier postings. Now let is learn the names of tithi etc.
Thithi: Thithi is a lunar date. There are thirty thithis in a lunar
month. A thithi is also a measure of
separation of the Moon and Sun from each other. In other words it is the time
taken for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 120.
Each thithi has its own independent planetary
lord. There are 15 thithis in a
fortnight. 14 thithis name rotate and after completion of 14 either Amavasya or
Pournami comes in cycle.
Nakshatra:
In Vedic astrology the zodiac is divided into twenty seven equal parts of 13
degrees and 20 minutes each which are called Nakshatras. Nakshatras can be known with the help of
degrees of Moon in a particular sign at the time of birth.
Yoga: A Yoga is obtained from the sum of the
Nirayana Longitude of the Moon and Sun and the sum is divided into 27 parts of
13020' each. There
are 27 yogas.
Karanam: Half of Thithi is called Karna. A Karna is completed when the Nirayana
longitude of the Moon gains every 60
on that of Sun. There are 11 karnas in total. Four of them occur just once a
month and are called fixed Karnas, The other seven are movable in fixed
rotation.
Tithi is
considered as the first phase or portion (Kala) of the 16 phases of the Moon.
The 15 days, commencing from Amavasya
(the last day of the dark half of a lunar month) to Purnima (Full moon), are
called the Tithis of the Shukla-Paksha (brighter phase) and the days commencing
from Purnima to Amavasya are called Krishna Paksha (darker phase).
In Indian Astrology, the calculation of the Tithis starts from Pratipada (The first day in each half of the lunar month) of the Shukla-Paksha. They are:
In Indian Astrology, the calculation of the Tithis starts from Pratipada (The first day in each half of the lunar month) of the Shukla-Paksha. They are:
Pratipada,
Dwitiya, Tritiya, Chaturthi, Panchami, Shashthi, Saptami, Ashtami. Navami. Dasham , Ekadasi, Dwadashi, Trayodashi,
Chaturdashi, Purnima.
Similarly, in the Krishna-Paksha, starting
from Pratipada till Chaturdashi, all the tithis are same; the only difference
being the fifteenth day which is Amavasya (Moonless night)
YOGA
There are 27 Yogas in all. They are as under
1) VISHAKUMBHA, 2) PREETI, 3) AAYUSHMAN, 4) SAUBHAGYA, 5) SHOBHANA, 6) ATIGANDA, 7) SUKARMA, 8) DHRITI, 9) SHOOLA, 10) GAND, 11) VRIDDHI, 12) DHRUVA, 13) VYAGHAATA, 14) HARSHANA, 15) VAJRA, 16) SIDDHI, 17) VYATIPAATA, 18) VARIYAANA, 19) PARIGHA, 20) SHIVA, 21) SIDDHA, 22) SADDHYA, 23) SHUBHA, 24) SHUKLA, 25) BRAHMA, 26) INDRA, 27) VAIDHRITI.
KARANA
YOGA
There are 27 Yogas in all. They are as under
1) VISHAKUMBHA, 2) PREETI, 3) AAYUSHMAN, 4) SAUBHAGYA, 5) SHOBHANA, 6) ATIGANDA, 7) SUKARMA, 8) DHRITI, 9) SHOOLA, 10) GAND, 11) VRIDDHI, 12) DHRUVA, 13) VYAGHAATA, 14) HARSHANA, 15) VAJRA, 16) SIDDHI, 17) VYATIPAATA, 18) VARIYAANA, 19) PARIGHA, 20) SHIVA, 21) SIDDHA, 22) SADDHYA, 23) SHUBHA, 24) SHUKLA, 25) BRAHMA, 26) INDRA, 27) VAIDHRITI.
KARANA
Half of the part of a Tithi is called a Karana
i.e. There are two Karanas in a Tithi. There are 11 Karanas altogether. They are: 1) BALA, 2)
BAALAVA, 3) KAULAVA, 4)
TAITIL, 5) GARA, 6) VANIJA, 7)
VISHTI, 8) SHAKUNI, 9)
CHATUSHPADA, 10) NAAGA, 11) KINSTUGHNA .
The first 7 of these Karanas are movable
(Chara) i.e. it cannot be predetermined as to on which dates, these are going
to occur, but the last 4 Karanas are fixed (Sthira), and hence can be
predetermined.
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